针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律初探

[目的]通过临床随机对照研究的质量评价,从循证医学角度对针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律进行探讨。[方法]计算机检索中国生物医学文献(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)和万方文献数据库,国外数据库Pubmed、Embase和Cochrane Library。中文检索词为针灸、轻度认知障碍、随机等。英文检索词为Acupuncture、Mild Cognitive Impairment等。检索时间截止至2018年6月30日。对符合纳入标准的针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的临床随机对照试验进行分析。按照Cochrane系统评价手册4.2.8进行方法学质量评价,对针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的处方规律进行探讨。[结果]共检索到相关文献319篇,按照纳入标准,筛选出14篇临床随机对照试验。研究结果显示针灸选穴以督脉头面颈项部穴位及五输穴、原穴居多,多选取百会、风池、神庭为主。[结论]有限证据支持针灸治疗轻度认知障碍的选穴以督脉头面颈项部穴位及五输穴、原穴居多,但由于纳入研究证据质量不高,需要进一步高质量研究支持。     

基于“中医传承辅助平台”软件挖掘年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病的用药规律

[目的] 采用"中医传承辅助平台"软件，探讨年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病的用药规律。[方法] 将2016年11月-2019年4月年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病的中药处方信息输入中医传承辅助平台系统，采用频次分析、组方规律分析方法挖掘、探讨年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病的临床用药特点。[结果] 对年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病158首处方进行分析，涉及中药207味，使用频次在前10位的药物分别为白芍、川芎、当归、半夏、刺蒺藜、丹参、泽泻、牛膝、厚朴，白术获得9组药对、3组核心药物组合。[结论] 年莉教授治疗糖尿病肾病经验丰富，高频药物的配伍体现了年莉教授多采用平肝疏肝，补血养阴，活血化瘀的治疗原则。期望能为临床治疗和药物研发提供参考，并为糖尿病肾病在泰国的治疗提供新的理念和借鉴。     

试从中医角度认识2019新型冠状病毒肺炎

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴,临床表现以发热、乏力、干咳为主,少数患者伴有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等症状,其病位在肺,总的病机为湿郁于肺,治疗的关键环节是尽早正确及时除湿,通腑泄浊。依据四诊合参、审症求因,初步提出分期辨证论治:初期、中期、重症期、恢复期,在临证时需要个体化的中医治疗方案治疗本次疫病。未感染者要早预防,已感染者要早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗。     

Radiomics for classification of bone mineral loss: A machine learning study

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop predictive models to classify osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal patients using radiomics and machine learning approaches.Materials and methodsA total of 147 patients were included in this retrospective single-center study. There were 12 men and 135 women with a mean age of 56.88 ± 10.6 (SD) years (range: 28–87 years). For each patient, seven regions including four lumbar and three femoral including trochanteric, intertrochanteric and neck were segmented on bone mineral densitometry images and 54 texture features were extracted from the regions. The performance of four feature selection methods, including classifier attribute evaluation (CLAE), one rule attribute evaluation (ORAE), gain ratio attribute evaluation (GRAE) and principal components analysis (PRCA) along with four classification methods, including random forest (RF), random committee (RC), K-nearest neighbor (KN) and logit-boost (LB) were evaluated. Four classification categories, including osteopenia vs. normal, osteoporosis vs. normal, osteopenia vs. osteoporosis and osteoporosis + osteopenia vs. osteoporosis were examined for the defined seven regions. The classification model performances were evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe AUC values ranged from 0.50 to 0.78. The combination of methods RF + CLAE, RF + ORAE and RC + ORAE yielded highest performance (AUC = 0.78) in discriminating between osteoporosis and normal state in the trochanteric region. The combinations of RF + PRCA and LB + PRCA had the highest performance (AUC = 0.76) in discriminating between osteoporosis and normal state in the neck region.ConclusionThe machine learning radiomic approach can be considered as a new method for bone mineral deficiency disease classification using bone mineral densitometry image features.     

雷公藤治疗类风湿性关节炎研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以滑膜持续炎症和关节软骨及骨质破坏为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病,随着人口老龄化不断加剧,RA的发病率逐年升高,公共卫生负担日趋严重。雷公藤具有祛风通络、除湿止痛、解毒杀虫的功效,临床常用于治疗多种自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤及皮肤病等,尤其在治疗RA方面疗效显著。从实验药理学与临床研究2个方面系统综述近年来雷公藤治疗RA的最新研究进展,包括雷公藤单味药应用、雷公藤与其他中药配伍应用以及雷公藤与化学药联合用药,以期促进雷公藤用于RA治疗的创新药物研发与临床合理有效应用。     

基于中医传承辅助平台分析高血压病阴阳两虚证的用药规律

目的分析治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的方药特征信息,探索组方用药规律,挖掘有效的药物组合及新处方。方法检索相关数据库并查阅资料,收集关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的文献和医案,筛选治疗该病证的方剂。基于中医传承辅助平台(V 2. 5)建立方药特征数据库,并通过关联规则分析法、改进互信息法、熵层次聚类等方法,对处方用药进行数据分析。结果筛选出关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的组方179首,中药190味,使用频次最高的三味中药为熟地黄、茯苓、山药,并获得核心药物组合24个,新处方12个。结论通过此研究,明确了本病的用药规律,得出滋阴助阳、补益肾气为治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的主要方法,对本病的临床治疗及组方用药具有重要价值。     

儿童普通感冒药物治疗中的问题及规范

普通感冒是儿童最常见上呼吸道感染性疾病，也是儿科最容易滥用药物的疾病。该文阐述了普通感冒在治疗上存在滥用抗生素、抗病毒药、感冒药、中药、中成药及不规范的治疗方法等问题，从而提出规范治疗的重要性，并引导如何进行普通感冒药物规范治疗。医生、药师、家长需正确认识普通感冒，选择普通感冒药时应避免诊治误区，减少药物滥用。     

Plausible role of bacterial toxin–antitoxin system in persister cell formation and elimination

Although, a large proportion of pathogenic bacteria gets eliminated from hosts after antibiotic treatment, a fraction of population confronts against such effects and undergoes growth arrest to form persisters. Persistence in bacteria is a dormant physiological state where cells escape the effects of antimicrobials as well as other host immune defences without any genetic mutations. The state of dormancy is achieved through various complex phenomena and it is known that a gene pair named as toxin–antitoxin (TA) acts as a key player of persister cell formation where the toxin is activated either stochastically or after an environmental insult, thereby silencing the physiological processes. However, the controversial role of TA modules in persister cell formation has also been documented with reasonable clarity. Persisters may revert back from state of quiescence and regrow when conditions become favourable for their propagation. Therefore, the elimination of dormant bacteria is crucial, and currently, research interest is highly focussed on developing several antipersister strategies that may kill persister bacteria by targeting different molecules . It is worth examining these targets to develop appropriate therapeutic interventions against bacterial infections and it is believed that earmarking TA system can be a novel approach for resuscitation of persisters. In this review, we discussed the role of TA modules in mediating persistence with highlighting on the debatable issues regarding contribution of these modules in dormant bacteria formation. Furthermore, we discussed if these modules in bacteria can be targeted for successful elimination of dormant persister cells.     

基于网络药理学挖掘溃疡性结肠炎“扶正”治则的潜在机制

目的:通过数据库检索与网络药理学方法探讨溃疡性结肠炎"扶正"治则的潜在机制。方法:从中医E百数据库检索溃疡性结肠炎相关方剂,检索方式为"主治肠澼/久痢/痢疾",筛选所检索到的处方并进行药物种类、用药频次统计分析,选择溃疡性结肠炎治疗的常用扶正药物。将选择后的扶正药物输入中药系统药理学分析平台检索所有化学成分和作用靶点,构建化合物-靶点相互作用网络图;通过Digsee数据库筛选溃疡性结肠炎相关靶点,构建疾病-靶点相互作用网络图;筛选两个网络图的核心靶点,利用DAVID工具对核心靶点进行富集分析。结果:数据库共检索到溃疡性结肠炎相关方剂731首,根据纳入、排除标准筛选后获得处方304首,中药220味,经用药频次统计后,以甘草、人参、白术为溃疡性结肠炎扶正治则的代表药物。基于药代动力学ADME参数对上述药物的化学成分进行筛选和靶标预测,共得到136个蛋白靶点;将化合物-靶点、疾病-靶点的蛋白质—蛋白质相互作用网络图合并,以"节点连接度""节点介度"和"节点紧密度"为评价标准,筛选共有靶点129个;对入选靶标进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以P值筛选出前20条通路在溃疡性结肠炎方面具有作用。结论:扶正药物治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用的发挥是多靶点、多通路的整体效应,挖掘了溃疡性结肠炎扶正治则的潜在机制,为进一步实验研究提供了理论基础。